Oral apthology Section no.1

**Admin** Wed Sep 29, 2010 11:34 pm

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Post n°1

Oral apthology Section no.1

Post Admin Wed Sep 29, 2010 11:34 pm

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
النهاردة جبتلكو رسومات سكشن الاورال باثولوجي من اللوحة اللي جوة السكشن
أول سكشن ليكو ياسنة تالتة في الباثولوجي ربنا معاكم ومعانا

الرسومات علي الللينك ده اتفضل يادكتور

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Picture for extra knowledge

Supernumerary
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A supernumerary tooth is an abnormally developed extra tooth. It is mostly related to heredity. It can appear at any region of the dental arch, but most commonly erupts in between the upper front teeth, or is completely embedded inside the jaw.

Oral problems associated with supernumerary teeth:</TD></TR>
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<td class=home_font_01 scope=row width=410>Failure of eruption of permanent teeth</TD></TR>
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<td class=home_font_01 scope=row width=410>Delayed eruption of permanent teeth</TD></TR>
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<td class=home_font_01 scope=row width=410>Displacement of permanent teeth</TD></TR>
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<td class=home_font_01 scope=row width=410>Irregular alignment of teeth</TD></TR>
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If the above situations happen, the supernumerary tooth needs to be extracted. If the supernumerary tooth cannot erupt, surgical extraction of the supernumerary tooth is required.
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<td background=../chi/images/adult_1_tblbg_big.jpg height=16>Leong's Premolar
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A Leong's premolar differs from an ordinary premolar by having some tooth structure projecting from its occlusal surface. The structure is very fragile and is liable to fracture. If it is not properly treated after fracture, the pulp may undergo necrosis due to an infection and may lead to dental abscess formation.

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In order to prevent this from happening, preventive treatment is advocated. The dentist will, according to the tooth condition, either reinforce the fragile structure or remove the structure and restore the defect.

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<td scope=row width=402 height=14>Projection strengthened with composite material </TD></TR>
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Projection removed and restored with composite material</TD></TR>
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Fused teeth
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When two teeth are united during the developmental stage by the union of their tooth germs, a fused tooth will be formed. There will be a groove on the surface of the tooth, and it is commonly found on deciduous front teeth.When there is a deciduous fused tooth, a succeeding permanent tooth may be missing.
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Crowding

Non-extraction therapy and crossbite correction.

Cosmetic Bonding

The upper left lateral is narrow and has been cosmetically bonded.

Anterior crossbite

Anterior crossbite correction using a retainer in the upper arch only (note the spontaneous improvement of the alignment and recession on the lower right central).

Underbite

Correction of the upper front teeth which are behind the lower front teeth.

Open Bite

Early treatment with a habit appliance (no braces) to help an open bite (upper front teeth do not vertically cover the lower front teeth). A second phase is needed as there are 12 baby teeth remaining.

Underbite

A dental and skeletal underbite corrected with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

Phase I

The upper molars are too far forward, and have been moved back (headgear at night). Note the improvement of the upper front teeth without the use of braces. This type of treatment makes the time in braces much easier and much shorter.

Lateral Open Bite

Lateral open bite correction, the teeth now contact properly when the patient bites down.

Supernumerary Teeth

Extra teeth are called supernumerary teeth. The upper two front teeth were the extra teeth that were removed, and the other teeth that appear to be blocked out were aligned. A second phase of treatment will be needed when more permanent teeth come in.

Spacing

This patient did not like her smile, she was only 9 years old and getting teased. 6 months of early treatment to align the upper front teeth, and she was smiling again.

Open Bite and Overjet

A significant open bite and overjet is reduced by the use of a retainer alone. More treatment using braces will be used in the future, when more permanent teeth come in.